Dec 31, 2025

Three Messages missed

December 17 2025

“But the angel reassured them [the Shepherd]. 'Don’t be afraid!' he said. 'I bring you good news that will bring great joy to all people. The Saviour—yes, the Messiah, the Lord—has been born today in Bethlehem, the city of David!' Luke 2:10–11

Next week I will send you a newsletter about our institutional work (palestinenature.org) since there were a lot of developments. But for now, this week's newsletter (on day 802 of the ongoing genocide in Gaza) focuses on human rights. Again open the links only if they intrigue you

Everyone now with minimal education knows there is a propaganda onslaught to bury the truth of genocide, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. Most people though now instinctively and based on data now know the level of "fog" and obfuscation issues when it comes to Israel and Zionism and its hold on western "democracies". But everyone also now knows that the Zionist narrative is collapsing (see West in panic as Israel loses narrative war https://youtu.be/m5CR42Yht8Q ). The mazing work for Palestine done in thousands of new organizations created in the past two years to not only respond to the genocide and ecocide and medicide and veriticide but also build a new global system away from wars and oppression. This global system is for sustainabiity of human and natural communities (enriching human and biological diversity. This is inherently decolonial global effort. I give now on average one to two talks every day. I also stay connected and attend events and activities with many of these organizations that occasionally I speak to like the Elders (for peace), Palestinian Social Fund, Saeel, Kairos Palestine, Rebuilding Alliance, Forensic Architecture, Buld Palestine and hundreds more. We only wish there were more than 48 hours in a day to get caught up!.

The new Zionist colony in my peaceful village of Beit Sahour, the Shepherds' field
https://mondoweiss.net/2025/12/new-israeli-settlement-in-west-bank-town-near-bethlehem-threatens-the-christian-presence-in-palestine/

Palestinian Civil Society Organisations Expose Israel’s Systematic Torture of Palestinians before the UN Committee against Torture https://www.alhaq.org/advocacy/27057.html

Is peace a pipe dream https://johnhorgan.org/cross-check/is-peace-a-pipe-dream
[based on an excellent talk I attended and plan to give a followup on this with a talk to the same group]

Australians Being Massacred Shouldn't Bother Us More Than Palestinians Being Massacred
https://www.caitlinjohnst.one/p/australians-being-massacred-shouldnt
Questioning the simplified version of the attack https://youtu.be/f42ocurgm7U

The theft of archeology-- another form of ethnic cleansing  
https://youtu.be/WsstYNQ1T24
https://truthout.org/articles/this-palestinian-town-holds-5000-years-of-history-israel-is-about-to-seize-it/
https://israelpalestinenews.org/israel-preparing-largest-ever-act-of-archeological-cleansing-in-west-bank/

This is the oldest temple in Lebanon…once a synagogue, then a church, and then a mosque. IsHell bombed and destroyed it after the ceasefire.
https://youtu.be/gdzuMn_mGMQ

This is what they do…steal everything Pali so as to fake that they’re from the land.  Excellent short report!  https://youtu.be/K-RLNgzYzf4

Tucker Carlson explains things well
https://x.com/tuckercarlson/status/1998949704772759672?s=51

Zionism is pure evil. We MUST eradicate it.  https://youtu.be/naP1JAEXCTs

Hundreds of Santas march into the British Parliament to end the genocide and for Palestine https://x.com/SuppressedNws1/status/2000018085781393543

The Trump-UN Gaza plan is no path to peace. Here’s a better way.
https://thehill.com/opinion/international/5640894-gaza-conflict-trump-plan/amp/

Non-Eurocentric Non-Orientalist Interdisciplinary Knowledge is Crucial to Liberation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koi5ZQFnkJc

London conference on attacks and killings of Journalists (what is becoming an epidemic of silencing) https://www.londonfreelance.org/fl/2512un-day.html

They're driving Europe crazy for a reason
https://youtu.be/yVZkf3-NxxU

LULLABY - TOGETHER FOR PALESTINE
https://youtu.be/G957oaAZwhc

Finally a short poem "Purpose"
We can help without interfering
In the fate unfolding
Not to fashion a destiny
neither to act in enmity
But to enjoy and aid
nature's evolving cascade
not to breach
neither to beseech
to act without destroying
to build without obstructing
Looking inward is key
to future living free
aid the natural blooming
of life's miracles growing
and planting a better future

for every living creature
from Qumsiyeh, Mazin 2025. “Purpose” pp 199-200 in International Bilingual Poetry: Poems and Bengali translations of contemporary 147 English poets from 62 countries. Edited and Translated by Md Ejaj Ahamed Published by Nasrin Sultana, Dream Raft Publication Mahendrapur, Suti, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India.

======================
December 24

We received many messages in response to our (Palestine Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainability or PIBS) holiday greeting. We are grateful to all especially those who did a year end donation (pallestinenature.org/donations ). Greetings of holidays for all religions is important for us at PIBS because the institute believes in preserving and enriching human diversity and biological diversity (connected and there are threats to both driven by greed and militarism). Our motto is respect: for ourselves, for other human beings (regardless of background, and for nature/mother earth.

Think of Others by Mahmoud Darwish Translated by Mohammed Shaheen
As you prepare your breakfast, think of others - do not forget the pigeon’s food
As you conduct your wars, think of others - do not forget those who seek peace
As you pay your water bill, think of others - those who are nursed by clouds
As you return home, to your home, think of others - do not forget the people of the camps.
As you sleep and count the stars, think of others - those who have nowhere to sleep
As you liberate yourself in metaphor, think of others - those who have lost the right to speak.
As you think of others far away, think of yourself say: “If only I were a candle in the dark”

“You give but little when you give of your possessions; it is when you give of yourself that you truly give. For what are your possessions but things you keep and guard for fear you may need them tomorrow?  And what is fear of need but need itself.” Kahlil Gibran, “The Prophet” 1923

We had our staff and volunteer gathering yesterday (see pictures at https://www.facebook.com/PIBS.PMNH ) and while we enjoyed good company and good food, we did think of others and will work harder to serve.

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu recently boasted that Israel is the guardian of Christianity in the Middle East. To test this claim Peter Oborne travelled to Bethlehem to learn how Palestinians are surviving this Christmas in the birthplace of Christ.
https://youtu.be/iajob-0fLDA
here is Sabeel's statement: https://sabeel.org/category/wave-of-prayers/
and Kairos Palestine: https://www.kairospalestine.ps/index.php/resources/statements

I was honored to be a speaker in this (great conversations): "Land and Resistance: Cooperativism from Palestine to Turtle Island" https://youtu.be/xfrqgHyAdbI
and at this Elders for disarmament and the cultures of peace meeting 15 12 25. Recording here: https://youtu.be/OzVTJ4Kk6lA

My latest book readings in the past two weeks
1) Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer (echos of our own experience with indigenous knowledge and nature)
https://www.joycerain.com/uploads/2/3/2/0/23207256/braiding_sweetgrass_1.pdf
2) Warsaw 1944 : A city raised to the ground Alexandra Richie (Echos of what is happening in Gaza Strip- remarkable similarity but Gaza was worse in degree)
Review: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~sarmatia/115/115cienciala.pdf
[I could not locate an online PDF to share- I have the paper book itself , 738 pages]

Have a peaceful week and keep hope alive

==========================

December 30 2025

 With my wife and three volunteers we went to watch the film "The voice of Hind Rajab" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Voice_of_Hind_Rajab

The docudrama opened deep wounds and the packed audience all cried. I cried more and could not sleep receiving messages from friends in Gaza about their desperate situation. My friend Hiam tells me that time has run out, that we cannot expect her to keep her patience and resilience after 26 months of horrors. She even contemplates suicide. Cold, starvation, slow death everywhere. But also killings continue while the world normalized genocide; two criminals (Trump and Netanyahu) meet to plot inflicting more suffering.  Sleep is hard to come by.

Greta Thunberg arrested under the Terrorism Act for holding a sign which says "I support Palestine Action prisoners. I oppose genocide.' Supporting prisoners on hunger strike unjustly held for months is a crime in the land of Lord Balfour!
How long can Starmer ignore the Palestine Action hunger strike?
https://www.youtube.com/live/ZnoSPgU5eTc

Christian treatments by the Jewish state https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSr5mpPgoFu/

A  Holiday Circle For the Love, Protection and Freedom of the Palestinian People with Music, Poetry, Prayers, Praise and Messages for Liberation and Courage! https://youtu.be/qqtqZw7Yah0    
Message from Dr. Mazin Qumsiyeh & Meditation by Stephen Fulder
https://youtu.be/fJFkpZBHjrs

A new year's message and concert https://youtu.be/D-z-5BRY9HY

"And I’ve come to a stage where I feel humiliated to have to discuss it, because what is there to discuss? What is there to discuss when you’re murdering children, destroying hospitals, destroying universities, murdering journalists, and boasting about it, boasting about it? And everybody’s sort of ambiguous — I mean, what we are witnessing also is, I think, there are surveys that say that almost 90% of the population of the world wants this to stop, but there is no connection between democratically elected governments and the will of the people. It’s ended. So, the whole charade of Western liberal democracy is as much of a corpse under the rubble as the tens of thousands of Palestinians.“ Arundhati Roy

Rev. Munther Isaac: Christmas is not a Western story – it is a Palestinian one
https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2025/12/24/christmas-is-not-a-western-story-it-is-a-palestinian-one

1,115 European financial institutions involved in financing 104 companies contributing to the illegal occupation and crime of genocide https://cihrs.org/1115-european-financial-institutions-involved-in-financing-104-companies-contributing-to-the-illegal-occupation-and-crime-of-genocide/

Our friend Muhammad Bakri died age 73. Here is a link to his documentary film Jenin, Jenin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkul4uv84sa
And here, thanks to zochrot, is the documentary by Bakri entitled Nakba 1948 https://www.zochrot.org/videos/view/56338/en

What the Zionist managed western media ignores: Epstein and Israel https://mondoweiss.net/2025/12/the-new-york-times-ignores-an-essential-part-of-the-jeffrey-epstein-story-israel/

Behind the zionist think tank curtain – The Hidden Influence of U S & European Policy Groups https://youtu.be/bjsy2h2jnr0

Tucker Carlson https://youtu.be/yPggL9uarjg

Julian Assange files Criminal Complaint over Nobel prize endorsing
war against Venezuela
https://the307.substack.com/p/julian-assange-launches-criminal
https://file.wikileaks.org/files/2025/machado29-dist.pdf
Nobel Peace Laureate Mairead Maguire (who nominated me for the prize) supported his action: “I fully support this great action of Julian Assange which speaks truth to power. Indeed Alfred Nobel’s will is NOT for warmaking but peacemaking and the Nobel Committee is actually acting illegally by ignoring Nobel’s wishes”.

false flag? Https://youtu.be/f42ocurgm7u
The result is clear: NSW passes protest ban (you cannot oppose genocide), Premier ducks questions on armed CSG on Sydney streets https://michaelwest.com.au/nsw-passes-protest-ban-premier-ducks-questions-on-armed-idf-on-sydney-streets/
Petition from Jewish Council of Australia to the Australian government
https://jewishcouncil.good.do/unity/

Deal with the devil that Saved Zionism from Bankruptcy
https://youtu.be/ZyTjJZsJihI

This brilliant woman looked into the rumors that the "ballroom" Trump says he is building to replace the East Wing of the White House isn’t really a ballroom, and what she finds out, with evidence, is shocking. Seems they’ve hired an IsHell “architectural” firm to build an underground data center and bunker. She even proves the donors are fake. It starts at minute 1.19. https://youtu.be/VbJ4ilDvGyc
Watch soon, because her TikTok video had over 8 million views when they shut it down. They might do the same on YouTube.


A message of hope

As we close this difficult year, we ask you to consider supporting the work of the Palestine Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainability (PIBS, Bethlehem University) through a year-end donation or by volunteering your time and expertise. Your contribution (tax deductible in many countries) will directly support the opening of the Palestine Museum of Natural History and our ongoing conservation programs that protect the biodiversity and the human diversity that defines our beautiful Palestine.


This year has brought profound pain to our communities. It was a most difficult year not just in Palestine but globally. Everyday, our hearts are heavy with the weight of the genocide in the Gaza Strip, watching the systematic destruction of life, the environment (ecocide), and the very future of our people. Here in the West Bank, we have faced our own immense challenges. Unemployment reaching 50%, movement restricted with 1,250 gates and checkpoints installed just this year, and ongoing loss of life and property. Yet, in the face of this darkness, we have chosen to keep digging, keep planting, and keep building. We believe that caring for our land is a profound act of resistance and a way to hold onto hope.

Despite everything 2025 has thrown at us, your support has allowed us to achieve things that felt impossible a year ago. We publish about two research papers a month, thousands benefit from our facilities and programs (with 4–5 events every week), and we are in the final stages of opening the Palestine Museum of Natural History at the new building. It is becoming a beautiful reality. A place where our children can learn about their heritage and the resilience of nature. This year, we also successfully established a seed bank. These seeds are our promise that life will return and flourish. We worked hard to document the environmental impact of the war as well as to develop and implement plans of restoration and renewal.

To see the faces and stories behind this work:
A short video about our work https://youtu.be/qt8OTGoS198
View our daily updates on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/PIBS.PMNH
10-Year booklet https://www.palestinenature.org/annual-reports/10-Years-PIBS.pdf
Visit ushttp://palestinenature.org/visit

We are deeply grateful for your generous contributions of time, money, and resources. Truly, you are the reason we can keep our doors open and our spirits high. You remind us that we are not alone.

Donate: https://www.palestinenature.org/donations/
Volunteer: https://www.palestinenature.org/volunteer/
You can also email us at PIBS@bethlehem.edu or info@palestinenature.org

Joyful holidays to you and yours, and wishing you peace, safety, and a more just and sustainable world (for people and all living things) in the coming year.

With warmth and gratitude,

The Team at the Palestine Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainability: Jessie, Amal, Sara, Johan, Zena, Victor, Mohammed, Saleh, Mazin, and the many volunteers (and soon to expand our team)
Bethlehem University
Bethlehem, Palestine
http://palestinenature.org
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/PIBS.PMNH


Oct 19, 2025

Testimony for the Gaza Tribunal

The extent of the ecocide that is accompanying the last two years of genocide in the Gaza Strip


Sep 18, 2025

هيام

 كيفك بابا طمنى عليك وع ماما يمكن يكون بالك مشغول فيني ما بحب أقلقك بس ما بعرف ليش أول حد بحب ألجألوو انت ي بابا يمكن لأنك بتعنيلي وجزء كبير من حياتي كتييير تعبااانة ونفسيتي مدمرة كل يوم عن يوم عم تزيد حالتي سوء بكون عم كذب إذ خبرتك اني بخير ..

النكبة 1948 2025

استلمت التقرير من مستشفى العيون والدكتور شخص حالتي ضروري أركب عين صناعية وفحص نظري ضعيف كتييير كتييير خايفة ع حالي انو يصيرلي شي وأفقد نظري كتيير عم يجيني احباط وشعور سلبي عم فكر بالمستقبل ي ترى كيف ممكن أكفى حياتي وانا نظري عم يخف شوى شوى لحتى ما أقدر أشوف لأشخاص لى بحبهم و أمارس حياتي الطبيعية بشكل طبيعي متل الكل  ..

الوضع عنا بغزة وكأنها أهوال يوم القيامة .. القيامة قامت في غرْة .. الطائـ.رات المسيـ.رة كواد كابتر ...بترمي  قنـ.ابل متفـ.جرة وحارقة بالعشرات وبشكل عشوائي على الناس وممتلكاتهم وخيامهم . جنوووون مش طبيييعي ما بعرف متى بدنا نخلص من هالكابوس ..بكفي 💔💔 والله ي بابا تعبنااا وين نروح لا في خيم ولا في مكان ننزح عليه حتى الجنوب ما في مكان ولا وسع تخطى فيه ..

مجبرين ع هالعيشة لى بتقصر العمر ..أتمنى يخلص هالكابوس ونكفى حياتنا بسلام وأمان واستقرار يارب الصبر .

مسا الخير بابا ….الوضع بغزة أصعب مما تتخيل هلأ نزلو مناشير إخلاء كل قطاع غزة إخلاء ع جنوب ..خلااااص مش قادرة أكفى بهالحياة المتعبة أنا يأست ع الآخر أنا هلأ بقمة الإحباط واليأس .. لا الحياة لى عم نعيشها حياتنا ضاعو سنتين من عمري وعمر ابنى ع حساب مين ؟؟ مستقبلنا ضااااع نحنا عم نعيش بتوتر وقلق وين ممكن نروح ما في وسع بالجنوب الناس عم تنزح كل يوم .. عم أمر بأسوء أيام حياتي ي بابا مش قادرة أستحمل لي بصير فينا متعبة جدا وخائفة نبحث عن الأمان ..لكن القصف يلاحقنا بكل مكان تعبناا من فكرة النزوح ما في مكان أمن نحنا مضطرين نبقي بغزة لأن ما في مكان يأوينا ..الحرب هاي أخدت كتييير منا أخدت حياتنا وصحتنا عمرنا ضحكتنا ومستقبلنا ..ئلبي يؤلمني، حجر ثقيل، خفقان ثابت، لست وحيدًا في هذا الألم الهادئ، الغيب والعميق، بينما الحزن أحاول الاحتفاظ به. صرخة صامتة، نداء مكتوم، قلبي المجروح يصرخ ..ما بعرف إذ هادا هيكون أخر محادثة معك ي بابا ولا لأ ؟؟

دعواتك بابا...عم نشوف الموت بألوانه عم نعيش أصعب وأسوء أيام حياتنا ي بابا بغزة ..

كتييير الوضع صعب وسئ للغاية كتييير ناس عم تنزح كل يوم بالالاف متوترين كتييير من كتر القصف والاستهدافات ممكن نضطر ننزح مشي ونترك كل شي ورانا .. المشكلة هون المواصلات كتييير غالية بيطلبو 2000ش ما معنا إمكانية ممكن نضطر نمشيها أنا كتييير خائفه ع ابني وعائلتي يصير لهم شي ..كتييير بسأل نفسي ؟! "ي ترى الصاروخ وين هينزل؟هيحرقنا ولا يقطعنا أشلاء؟"...دعواتك بابا 🥹

لقد نجونا هذه الليلة كانت قاسية جدآ ما غمضت عيونا من القصف العنيف عم يرمو إنارات ضوئية علينا وانفجارات عنيفة..

ماذا بعد ؟؟ ما بعرف شو ممكن يصير فينا بعد الآن ..

بعتذر هلأ منك مش قادرة أكلمك من كتر الانفجارات ما بنعرف وين ممكن نروح هلأ إخلاء المكان لى نحنا فيه ..

هيدا المكان لى نحنا فيه ما نمنا الليلة من الانارات والانفجارات ..

هلأ كتير بنحاول نعمل المستحيل بس نطلع من دائرة الخطر بس متى الله أعلم ربنا ييسرها معنا ..

نحنا بس خايفين تسكر الطريق لأن بعدها بدنا ننجبر ننزح مشي مع قمة الخوف والرعب وماما وبابا مابيقدرو ع المشي مشان كدا بنحاول نطلع مشان ما نتحاصر ونخاطر بحياتنا ربنا يسلم ..

بيحكوو الطريق كتييير زحمة السيارات عم ضل لتاني يوم من كتر الزحمة تتوصل ع الجنوب كل يوم ناس عم تطلع بالالاف خايفين تسكر الطريق ونتحاصر

كل عنوان جديد يبدو وكأنه حجر آخر سقط على صدري. أرى الأخبار وهي ليست مجرد قصة - إنها عائلتي، أصدقائي، شعبي. كل يوم هو وزن جديد، جرح جديد، تذكير بالأعمال الوحشية التي يتم ارتكابها. إنه سم يتسرب إلى بيوتنا، وأحاديثنا، وأرواحنا. لا أعرف فلسطينيًا واحدًا استيقظ اليوم وهو يشعر بتحسن مما كان عليه بالأمس. الحزن هو رفيق دائم. كل محادثة مع أمي أو أبي أو أحد أبناء وبنات أخي الصغار تحمل محاولة لإخفاء مخاوفنا، وتشتيت أنفسنا عن الغيوم الداكنة فوق رؤوسنا.

لكن هذا ليس حزنًا يشلّنا. بل هي نار تشتعل في قلبي. ليس الأمر بإقناع من يريد بنا الضرر بإنسانيتنا، أو السعي إلى التصديق ممن غض الطرف. تركيزنا على البقاء والمرونة. لن نتوقف.

هناك مقولة نتمسك بها: "كل شيء سيكون على ما يرام. ’ إنه ليس وعدًا، بل تعويذة. وإذا لم يكن الأمر بخير، فهي ليست النهاية. نحن نستمر - مدفوعين بالحب لأرضنا وشعبنا - نعلم أن معركتنا هي من أجل مستقبل حيث السلام والعدالة ليس مجرد كلمات، بل حقيقة

تخيل ي بابا ..التنسيق زمان للفرد الواحد عشان يطلع من غزة كان 5000 دولار، ووقتها قلنا المبلغ كبير ومستحيل.  اليوم نفس المبلغ بتحتاجه عيلة كاملة بس عشان تنزح من مدينة غزة للجنوب!  يعني اللي معه بقدر يتحرك، واللي ما معه بيضل محاصر مع أولاده تحت القصف.  شو هاد؟ أي منطق؟ أي عدل؟

تخيل كمية الناس لى عم تنزح ع الجنوب ولسه الناس عم تنزح كمان .. الناس مرعوبين

غزة عم تباد ي بابا قصف عنيف وانفجارات حوالينا وكأنها أهوال يوم القيامة..

يارب سلم 🙏

وجع النزوح تبهدلنا ي بابا

Sep 13, 2025

Gaza’s Contribution to Civilization

(By Mazin Qumsiyeh, aided by AI)

The Gaza littoral - a narrow coastal corridor between Asqalan (Ashkelon) in the north and Rafah at the Egyptian border - occupies a strategic position on the coastal axis linking Africa and Western Asia (the Levant) and is often referred to historically as the Via Maris. Its geography made it a repeated meeting place for goods, peoples, and ideas and explains why archaeological and textual records show continuous human activity from the Chalcolithic/Early Bronze periods onward (de Miroschedji et al.; Tell es-Sakan excavations). This study synthesizes major published finds and contemporary reporting to outline Gaza’s long-term contributions to Mediterranean and Near Eastern civilization. In the 1947 UN Partition plan, the strip was much larger than it is now (and being demolished). Estimates of 200,000 to as many as half a million perished in the past two years of Israeli onslaught on that land (3/4 women and children, and most of the residents are refugees from the Nakba of 1948-1950).

Recent archaeological work has shown that the Gaza littoral hosted urban settlements as early as 8,000 years ago. Excavations at Tell es-Sakan (discovered during construction work in 1998 and excavated by teams including de Miroschedji) reveal mud-brick urban deposits, storage contexts and evidence for a mixed agricultural-maritime economy during the Early Bronze Age. Such evidence indicates that Gaza’s coastal settlements were part of the emergent urban economies of southern Levant and were in contact with contemporaneous Egyptian administrative and economic activities. The Tell es-Sakan sequence places Gaza within the first waves of coastal urbanization in the eastern Mediterranean.

During the 2nd millennium BCE the Gaza littoral was integrated into the Canaanite network and repeatedly intersected with Egyptian imperial interests. Archaeological assemblages (imported pottery, architecture and small finds) and Egyptian texts show that southern Levantine coastal sites functioned as waystations and focal points for goods moving between the Nile, the Levantine interior and the Mediterranean. Excavation reports and regional syntheses emphasize Gaza’s position as part of coastal exchange networks during this period.

The Iron Age coastal transformation included the arrival (or intensification) of Aegean-influenced material culture in the southern Levant — the so-called Philistine phenomenon — of which Gaza was one of the principal polities in the Philistine pentapolis (Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath). Philistine pottery styles, new craft traditions and evidence for specialized workshops and maritime activities attest to cultural fusion between local Canaanite traditions and incoming Aegean elements. Although modern development has limited large-scale excavation directly inside some parts of Gaza City, comparative work from neighboring coastal sites and site surveys indicates Gaza’s role within this dynamic maritime and craft network.

From the Persian through the Hellenistic and Roman periods Gaza sustained major port facilities and urban morphology demonstrating integration into Mediterranean trade networks. Archaeologists have identified the ancient port installations often called Anthedon (sometimes identified with the Balakhiyya/Blakhiya/ Tell Iblakhiyya area north of Gaza) and Maiuma (the port quarter associated with Gaza) among the principal maritime facilities. Excavations and rescue archaeology, including Franco-Palestinian missions at Anthedon, and the 2023 discovery of a substantial Roman-era cemetery (with lead sarcophagi) near Jabaliya, testify to a complex, economically engaged society with elite burial practices and broad Mediterranean connections.

Byzantine churches (recorded on medieval maps such as the Madaba mosaic) and early Islamic administrative records show continuity of urban life and the adaptation of port and land networks and continued fluporsihing economy as well as peaceful coexistence of Christians and Muslims from 6th to 20th century AD. During the Mamluk periods coastal fortifications and administrative structures continued to emphasize the strategic importance of Gaza. Under Ottoman administration and into modernity Gaza functioned as a regional market center and waypoint for caravan and coastal traffic; travelers’ accounts and administrative records document a long continuity of agricultural production, market exchange, and civic life. Throughout its history this heroic strip of territory defeated mighty armies and inspired legendary victories while continuing to prosper [that is until this recent genocide which is not only unprecedented in the region but globally).

Recent decades have seen important archaeological discoveries (e.g., Tell es-Sakan publications, Anthedon excavations, the Roman-era Jabaliya cemetery) alongside increasing concern about threats to sites. Scholarly analyses and investigative reports emphasize the twin pressures of conflict, urban development, coastal erosion and inadequate heritage management on Gaza’s archaeological record. International teams and local scholars have collaborated in rescue excavations, but wartime destruction and damage to heritage structures have been reported (notably during the conflicts of 2023–2024), raising urgent ethical questions about documentation, local stewardship, and international responsibility for preservation and reconstruction.

Our own environmental studies in the area some using detailed satellite images/remote sensing show 1) rich biodiversity, 2) decimation of the tree cover and habitats (see Yin et al. 2025). Thus, there is devastation for both natural and cultural heritage of this rich area.

Gaza also enriched is with thousands of scholars and contributors to human civilization. Here are just a random selection

Silvanus of Gaza (d. ~311 CE) – Early Christian bishop of Gaza who was martyred during the Diocletian persecution. He is remembered as one of the earliest Christian leaders in the region.

Aeneas of Gaza (~5th century) – Neo‑Platonic philosopher and Christian convert, associated with the Rhetorical School of Gaza. He wrote philosophical works that merged classical philosophy with Christian thought.

Dorotheus of Gaza (~500–560/580) – Monk and ascetic teacher near Gaza, author of spiritual discourses that influenced early Christian monasticism and ethical thought.

Sulayman al-Ghazzi (c. 940–1027) – A Christian bishop and poet in Fatimid Palestine, Sulayman al-Ghazzi was the first known Arab Christian poet to write religious verse in Arabic. His diwan (poetic anthology) offers insights into Christian life during the era of caliph al-Hakim. 

Ibn Qudama (1147–1223) – A prominent Hanbali jurist and theologian, Ibn Qudama was born in Gaza and is renowned for his works on Islamic jurisprudence, including al-Mughni, a comprehensive legal encyclopedia. 

Abu Bakr al-Nabulsi – A 17th-century Islamic scholar from Gaza, al-Nabulsi was known for his contributions to Islamic jurisprudence and theology, particularly within the Shafi'i school of thought. 

Shady Alsuleiman – A contemporary Islamic scholar and imam, Alsuleiman is recognized for his work in Islamic education and community leadership, focusing on promoting understanding of Islamic teachings in modern contexts. 

Ayman Hassouna – A Palestinian archaeologist and university lecturer, Hassouna has worked extensively on excavations in Gaza, including the Byzantine Church of Jabalia, contributing significantly to the understanding of Gaza's ancient history. 

Sufian Tayeh (1971–2023) – A physicist and educator, Tayeh served as the president of the Islamic University of Gaza. He was known for his work in physics and applied mathematics and was tragically killed in an Israeli airstrike in December 2023. 

Mohammad Assaf (b. 1992) – Singer from the Gaza Strip who gained fame by winning Arab Idol, becoming a symbol of hope and cultural pride for Palestinians.

Dr. Refaat Alareer (1979–2023) – A Renaissance scholar from Gaza, Alareer was a professor and writer who contributed to academic and cultural discourse. He was killed during the 2023 conflict, leaving a legacy of intellectual engagement.

Conclusion: Early urbanization and administrative activities in Gaza contributed to the regional network of production, storage, and exchange that underpinned complex societies in the Near East. Acting as a coastal conduit, Gaza facilitated the transmission of commodities and material culture between Egypt and the broader Levantine-Mediterranean economy. Port infrastructure, long-distance maritime commerce, specialized fisheries and the movement of Mediterranean goods and ideas through Gaza contributed directly to the economic vitality and cultural pluralism of the region. Technological and stylistic exchange (ceramics, metallurgy, textile production, and ship-related crafts) that flowed through the Gaza littoral influenced craft traditions across the southern Levant and beyond.The Gaza littoral’s long-term contributions to civilization are best understood as a combination of (1) geographical advantage (coastal route and hinterland productivity), (2) sustained maritime and land exchange networks that carried goods and ideas, (3) local craft and agricultural production that fed regional markets, and (4) repeated cultural contact zones that produced hybrid forms of material culture and religious life. Gaza’s sustained role as a market, agricultural supplier, and transport hub helped to link inland and coastal economies for centuries, transmitting crops, commodities and cultural practices. This was an essential contribution to circum-Mediterranean coastal communities and over 30 countries have direct connections to Gaza. Gaza’s archaeological record informs broader historical narratives of Mediterranean connectivity. Preserving that record is necessary for reconstructing local histories that feed into global understandings of ancient economies, religions, and technologies and is an essential component of knowledge to shape a peaceful future that is not repeatedly marred by genocides and holocausts (due to colonialism, imperialism).

References

Al-Houdalieh, S. H., et al. (2024). Heritage and Conflict in Gaza [report/PDF]. (ResearchGate summary).

Andreou, G. M. (2024). Establishing a baseline for the study of maritime cultural … International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (summary online).

Forensic Architecture. (2022). Living Archaeology in Gaza. Forensic Architecture. Retrieved from Forensic Architecture website. 

International news report: Associated Press. (2023, September 24). Archaeologists unearth the largest cemetery ever discovered in Gaza and find rare lead sarcophagi. AP News. 

The Guardian. (2025, March 17). Gaza’s heritage sites destroyed by war. The Guardian. (reporting on 2023–2024 damage and restoration efforts). 

UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (n.d.). Anthedon Harbour / Blakhiyya (tentative listing and site information). UNESCO Tentative Lists. 

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Tell es-Sakan; Anthedon; Maiuma. Wikipedia. (Used as quick references to excavation histories and site identifications — consult field reports and excavation monographs for primary data).

Yin, H., Eklund, L., Habash, D., Qumsiyeh, M. B., & Van Den Hoek, J. (2025). Evaluating war-induced damage to agricultural land in the Gaza Strip since October 2023 using PlanetScope and SkySat imagery. Science of Remote Sensing. Vol. 11: Article 100199